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Research & Development Expenditure

Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D reached 371 billion rubles in 2007. As per OECD data, R&D density was 1.12 during 2007. R&D expenditure data from national agency through UNESCO and OECD is presented below.

Table: Breakup of R&D Expenditure
SourceNational R&D SurveyOECD
YearYear: 2007Year: 2007
Unitsmillion rublesmillion PPP USD
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D371,08023,482.0
R&D Expenditure by spending sector:  
Business/Industry238,38615,075.4
Government 107,9856,833.3
Higher Education23,4721,479.4
Private &/or non-profit/FFRDCs1,23770.4
Others0 
R&D Expenditure by source of funds  
Business/Industry109,2656,903.7
Government232,36514,699.7
Higher Education2,277 
Foreign26,7961,690.7
Other sectors (e.g. Public Research Institutes)377 
Others 164.4
Source: (1) UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), 2009 edition (2) OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators database, May 2009.